In a study for WWF-NL the University of Utrecht has given an overview of the technologies to meet the long term target of reducing the CO2 emission with 50% in 2050.

The main technology areas concerning the reduction of energy demand are:

  • end-use energy efficiency improvement;
  • clean and efficient conversion of fuels;
  • energy savings by improvement of material efficiency;
  • generating energy by renewable energy sources;
The following illustration shows the main ways to reduce CO2-emission, combined with continuing growth.

 
1990 Energy Use
2050
Frozen Efficiency
End-Use Efficiency
Conversion
Efficiency
Materials
Efficiency
Renewables

Technology